ï»?!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> å°æ¹¾ç›¸æ€è‚²è‹—造林技æœ?- 汕尾市林业局
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时间ï¼?017-01-13  录入员:swslyj   阅读数:   文章æ¥æºï¼šæœ¬ç½‘讯  字å·:  T | T

    å°æ¹¾ç›¸æ€å±žå«ç¾žè‰ç§‘,常绿乔木,高达15米,胸径åœ?/span>40-60厘米,树干ç°è‰²æœ‰æ¨ªçº¹ï¼Œæžç°è‰²æ— å‰Œï¼Œå¶é€€åŒ–,å¶æŸ„呈å¶çŠ¶ï¼ŒæŠ«é’ˆå½¢ï¼Œå¤´çŠ¶èŠ±åºå¶è…‹ç”Ÿï¼Œ8月èšæžœæˆç†Ÿã€‚原产å°æ¹¾çœï¼Œç¦å»ºã€å¹¿ä¸œã€å¹¿è¥¿ã€æµ·å—皆有栽培。喜光,根深æ韧,抗风力强。根系å‘达,具根瘤,能固定大气中的游离氮。èŒèŠ½åŠ›å¼ºï¼Œç”Ÿé•¿è¾ƒå¿«ã€‚对土壤è¦æ±‚ä¸ä¸¥ï¼Œè€å¹²æ—±ç˜ è–„,病虫害少。是è’山造林的先锋树ç§ï¼Œåˆæ˜¯é˜²æŠ¤æž—ã€æ°´åœŸä¿æŒæž—ã€è–ªç‚­æž—ã€å››æ—绿化的主è¦æ ‘ç§ï¼Œå½“å‰ä¹Ÿç”¨äºŽçŸ³åœºå¤ç»¿ã€å±±å¡ç»¿åŒ–ã€ç”Ÿæ€ç»¿åŒ–等,直接用ç§å­æ’’æ’­ã€?/span>

  1ã€è‚²è‹—造林技æœ?/span>

  1.1ç§å­å¤„ç†

  å°æ¹¾ç›¸æ€æ ‘çš„ç¹æ®–一般采用的是有性ç¹æ®–æ–¹å¼?/span>ï¼?/span>å…¶ç§å­è¡¨é¢æœ‰1层åšç¡¬çš„蜡质å±?/span>ï¼?/span>因此采用ç§å­ç¹æ®–æ–¹å¼åœ¨æ’­ç§å‰ä¸€å®šè¦å¯¹ç§å­ä½œç‰¹æ®Šå¤„ç†ã€‚用70 ℃的温水浸泡ç§å­ï¼?/span>å¾…ç§å­è‡ªç„¶å†·å´åŽï¼?/span>æ¢ç”¨å†·æ°´å†æµ¸æ³?/span>24 å°æ—¶ï¼ˆä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥æ’­å‰ç”?/span>90沸水烫ç§ä¸è¶…è¿?/span>1分钟,å†ç”¨å†·æ°´æµ¸ç§?/span>30å°æ—¶ï¼‰æ²¥å¹²åŽç½®åœ¨å¸ƒè¢‹ä¸­å‚¬èŠ?/span>ï¼?/span>ç§å­éœ²ç™½åŽå³å¯ç›´æŽ¥ç”¨äºŽç‚¹æ’­ã€‚æ’­å?/span>7天开始å‘芽ã€?/span>

  1.2 水肥管ç†

  ç§å­æ’­ç§åŽæ¯å¤©æ—©ã€æ™šå„淋水一次,ä¿æŒåœŸå£¤æ¹¿æ¶¦ã€‚如太阳光较强烈,å¯ç›?/span>75%çš„é®å…‰ç½‘,苗木长出真å¶åŽï¼?/span>视苗木生长状况和苗木出售造林时间ï¼?/span>开始施肥管ç†ï¼Œé€‚当薄施0.3%ï½?/span>0.5%浓度å¤åˆè‚¥æ°´ï¼?/span>10~15天施一æ¬?/span>ï¼?/span>æ¯æ¬¡æ–½æ°´è‚¥åŽä¸€å®šè¦å†æµ‡è¿‡ä¸€é清水,以防肥水ç¼ä¼¤è‹—木å¶ç‰‡ï¼Œå½±å“苗木生é•?/span>(幼苗期切记勿施尿素肥æ–?/span>ï¼?/span>以å…烧焦å¶ç‰‡ï¼?/span>å½±å“生长)。以åŽè‹—木生长é€æ¸åŠ å¿«ï¼?/span>这时è¦ä¾›ç»™è¶³å¤Ÿçš„æ°´è‚¥ï¼?/span>以加速苗木的å¥å£®ç”Ÿé•¿ï¼?/span>æ高出苗质é‡ã€‚è‹—é«?/span>20-25厘米以åŽå¯å‡ºåœƒé€ æž—ã€?/span>

  2.2è¥å…»æ¯æ’­ç§?/span>

  è¥å…»åœŸåº”ç”?/span>50%黄心土ã€?/span>35%ç«çƒ§åœŸã€?/span>10%有机肥ã€?/span>5%过磷酸钙或钙é•ç£·æ··åˆå‡åŒ€å †æ²¤æ•°æ—¥å?/span>ï¼?/span>充分粉碎过筛ï¼?/span>è¥å…»é’?/span>ï¼?/span>è£?/span>8 cm×13 cm的薄膜è¥å…»è¢‹ã€‚æ¯ä¸ªè¥å…»æ¯ä¸­åªèƒ½ç‚¹æ’?/span>1粒已催芽露白的ç§å­ã€‚ç§å­ç‚¹æ’­åœ¨è¥å…»æ¯åŽï¼?/span>æ·‹é€æ°´ï¼?/span>ç”?/span>50%~60%çš„é®é˜´ç½‘进行æ­æ£šé®é˜´ï¼?/span>温度过低æ—?/span>ï¼?/span>在é®é˜´ç½‘上é¢ç›?/span>1层薄膜进行ä¿æ¸?/span>ï¼?/span>æ¯å¤©è§†æƒ…况洒1~2次水ï¼?/span>ä¿æŒåœŸå£¤æ¹¿æ¶¦ã€?/span>

  2.3苗期管ç†

  å°æ¹¾ç›¸æ€æ’­ç§åŽ7 å¤?/span>å·¦å³ç§å­å°±ä¼šç ´åœŸè€Œå‡ºï¼?/span>促进苗木å‘育ã€æ高苗木质é‡ã€ä¾¿äºŽè‹—木适应环境的主è¦æŽªæ–½æ˜¯ç‚¼è‹—。å¯äºŽæ¸©æš–晴天的14:00å°†é®é˜´ç½‘全部æ­å¼€ï¼?/span>并在日è½å‰å†ç›–好ï¼?/span>é€æ¸å¢žåŠ é˜³å…‰ç…§å°„时间ï¼?/span>ç»?/span>7 d的炼è‹?/span>ï¼?/span>é®é˜´ç½‘å³å¯å½»åº•æ­æŽ‰ã€‚幼苗æ­æ£šåŽï¼?/span>è¦åŠ å¼ºæ°´è‚¥ç®¡ç?/span>ï¼?/span>åšåˆ°åŠæ—¶æµ‡æ°´ï¼?/span>ä¿æŒè¥å…»æ¯åœŸå£¤æ¹¿æ¶?/span>ï¼?/span>5~7 dæ–?/span>1次å¤åˆè‚¥ï¼?/span>åšåˆ°å‹¤æ–½è–„æ–½ï¼?/span>防止造æˆè‚¥å®³ï¼?/span>å½±å“苗木正常生长。为æ高造林æˆæ´»çŽ?/span>ï¼?/span>应在苗木出圃å‰?/span>30 d进行移苗断根。移苗åŽåº”进行é®è?/span>ï¼?/span>待苗木生长稳定åŽï¼?/span>æ­åŽ»é®é˜´ç½?/span>ï¼?/span>åŒæ—¶å–·è¯é˜²æ²»ç—…虫å®?/span>ï¼?/span>这样æ‰å¯ä»¥ä¿è¯é€ æž—çš„æˆæ´»çŽ‡ã€‚待幼苗长到15~25 cm高时å³å¯å‡ºåœƒé€ æž—ã€?/span>

  2.4 造林

  苗木的质é‡ç›´æŽ¥å½±å“造林æˆæ´»çŽ‡ä»¥åŠæˆæ以åŽæž—相的整é½ï¼?/span>因此造林的苗木必须是åˆæ ¼è‹?/span>ï¼?/span>高度åœ?/span>15 cm以上ï¼?/span>地径0.3 cm以上ï¼?/span>至少è¦æœ‰3片å‡å¶çš„苗木。虽然相æ€æ ‘对土壤的è¦æ±‚ä¸é«˜ï¼?/span>但其是一ç§é€Ÿç”Ÿçš„热带绿树ç§ï¼?/span>è¦æ±‚高温高湿的生长环å¢?/span>ï¼?/span>宜选择在海æ‹?/span>350 m以下ï¼?/span>湿润ç–æ¾çš„微酸性ã€ä¸­æ€§å£¤åœŸæˆ–砂壤土上生长最好。一般宜在造林的å‰ä¸€å¹´å†¬å­£æ¸…除造林地上的çŒæœ¨ä¸›ã€æ‚è?/span>ï¼?/span>开好树ç©?/span>ï¼?/span>穴规æ ?/span>40 cm×40 cm×40 cm。è¥é€ çº¯æž—的造林密度å¯å¤§äº?/span>ï¼?/span>株行è·?/span>1.5 m×1.5 m,异性è¥å…»é’µï¼?/span>密度约为4 400æ ?/span>/公顷。æå‰æ•´åœ°å¤‡è€?/span>ï¼?/span>æ‰èƒ½ä½¿åœŸå£¤å……分风åŒ?/span>,è¥å…»æ›´ä¸°å¯Œã€‚相æ€æ ‘在栽æ¤å‰10 dè¦æ–½è¶³åŸºè‚?/span>ï¼?/span>æ¯ç©´æ–½å¤åˆè‚¥250g或磷è‚?/span>500 g,肥料è¦ä¸ŽåœŸå£¤å……分æ…æ‹Œå‡åŒ€ï¼?/span>以防造æˆè‚¥æ–™ç¼ä¼¤è‹—木根系ï¼?/span>æ高肥料的效果。相æ€æ ‘一般选择在雨季造林ï¼?/span>最好是3月上旬至4月中旬。因为这段时间气温é€æ¸å›žå‡ï¼?/span>对相æ€æ ‘树苗移æ¤åŽçš„æ¢å¤ç”Ÿé•¿æœ‰åˆ©ã€‚由于相æ€æ ‘生长迅é€?/span>ï¼?/span>一èˆ?/span>1ï½?/span>2å¹´åŽå³å¯éƒè”½æˆæž—ã€?/span>

  2.5抚育管ç†

å°æ¹¾ç›¸æ€æ ‘的抚育管ç†ä¸»è¦åœ¨é€ æž—当年进行。应进行全铲抚育2次以ä¸?/span>ï¼?/span>å¿…é¡»ä¿æŒæž—地干净ï¼?/span>ä¸é•¿è‰å’Œæ‚çŒæœ¨åŠè—¤æœ¨ï¼?/span>ç¬?/span>1次在5â€?/span>6月进è¡?/span>ï¼?/span>ç¬?/span>2次在8â€?/span>9月进行。结åˆé“²é™¤æ‚è‰å’Œæ‚çŒæœ¨åŠè—¤æœ¨çš„åŒæ—¶è¿›è¡Œæ–½è‚?/span>ï¼?/span>ç¬?/span>1次施尿素100 g/æ ?/span>,ç¬?/span>2次施å¤åˆè‚?/span>150 g/株。在抚育作业æ—?/span>ï¼?/span>è¦ä¿æŒå¹¼è‹—ä¸æ­ªæ–œï¼?/span>以å‡å°‘æˆæž—åŽå•åŽå¤šæ ªçš„现象å‘生。å°æ¹¾ç›¸æ€ä¸Žæ¡‰ã€æ¾ã€æ¨Ÿæ ‘混交造林的效果很å¥?/span>ï¼?/span>是较ç†æƒ³çš„伴生树ç§?/span>ï¼?/span>其混交比例为1âˆ?/span>1æˆ?/span>1âˆ?/span>(2~3),å¯é‡‡ç”¨è¡Œé—´æ··äº¤æˆ–行带混交的方å¼é€ æž—ã€?/span>(å¶ä½å¸?/span>  æ•´ç†)


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